Install different versions of ubuntu system in Linux

1 Virtual machine installation

Notice: When installing the virtual machine system, please install the Ubuntu 20.04 version of the system, The installation method is consistent with ubuntu 18.04.

To install different versions of Ubuntu systems in Linux, please refer to the 6.1 ROS1 Environment building chapter for specific installation methods.

There are two options for virtual machine creation:

① Using our configured virtual machine ROS1 virtual machine files, imported into the virtual machine software, you can save the time to configure the environment, easy to quickly use the ROS case.

ROS2 VM files:
https://download-elephantrobotics.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/system_images/ubuntu20.04_ROS2_V20240228.zip

Step-by-step video on how to import VM files into VM software:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KeYk_CUgDE46rVn7zbd0EhraIbgt3qZt/view?usp=sharing

② Follow the steps below to deploy the ROS environment yourself.

2 ROS2 Environment building

2.1 ROS2 installation

To build a basic development environment, you need to install the robot operating system ROS2 and the git version manager. The installation methods and processes are introduced below.

2.1.1 Selecting a version

There is a one-to-one relationship between ROS2 and ubuntu. Different versions of ubuntu correspond to different versions of ROS2. The reference website is as follows: http://docs.ros.org/en/foxy/Releases.html

Here are the ROS versions supported by Ubuntu:

ROS2 version	release date	Maintenance deadline	Ubuntu version
Foxy	June 5, 2020	May 2023	Ubuntu 20.04(Focal Fossa)
Galactic	May 23, 2021	November 2022	Ubuntu 20.04(Focal Fossa)
Humble	May 23, 2022	May 2027	Ubuntu 22.04(Jammy Jellyfish)

Install the ROS2 version corresponding to the Ubuntu version you have installed.

If the versions are different, the downloading will fail. The system we choose here is Ubuntu 20.04(recommend), so the corresponding ROS2 version is ROS2 Foxy.

NOTE: At present, we do not provide any reference for installing ROS in windows. If necessary, refer to http://docs.ros.org/en/foxy/Installation/Alternatives/Windows-Development-Setup.html

2.1.2 Start installation

1 Adding a software source

There is no ROS2 software source in the software source list of Ubuntu itself, so you need to Configure the ROS software source into the software list repository first, and then download ROS2. Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command:

official source:

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.ros.org/ros2/ubuntu $(source /etc/os-release && echo $UBUNTU_CODENAME) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list > /dev/null

If the download speed is slow, it is recommended to select a nearby mirror source to replace the above command. For example, huawei cloud is:

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)] https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ros2/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list > /dev/null

2 Setting a key

Configuring a public key. This step is to let the system confirm that our path is safe, so that there is no problem in downloading the file. Otherwise it will be deleted immediately after downloading:

sudo apt install curl gnupg2 -y
curl -s https://gitee.com/ohhuo/rosdistro/raw/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add -

3 Installation

After adding a new software source, you need to update the software source list. Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command:

sudo apt-get update

Execute Installing ROS2. Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command according to your Ubuntu version:

# Ubuntu 20.04 foxy version
sudo apt install ros-foxy-desktop

# Ubuntu 20.04 galactic version
sudo apt install ros-galactic-desktop

# Ubuntu 22.04 humble version
sudo apt install ros-humble-desktop

The installation process takes a long time, so please wait with patience.

Refresh environment variables after installation is complete:

source /opt/ros/foxy/setup.bash

2.1.3 Set up the ros2 environment

In order to avoid re-validating the ROS2 function path every time the terminal window is closed, we can set the path to an environment variable, so that each time you open a new terminal, the ROS2 function path will automatically take effect. Execute the following commands in sequence in the terminal, and open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T):

Execute the following command according to your Ubuntu version:

# Ubuntu 20.04 foxy version
echo "source /opt/ros/foxy/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

# Ubuntu 20.04 galactic version
echo "source /opt/ros/galactic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

# Ubuntu 22.04 humble version
echo "source /opt/ros/humble/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

Then run:

source ~/.bashrc

Installing a ROS2 extra dependency

Input the following command in the terminal to install a ROS2 extra dependency, and open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt install python3-argcomplete -y

sudo apt install ros-foxy-xacro

sudo apt-get install python3-colcon-common-extensions

# Ubuntu 20.04 foxy version
sudo apt install ros-foxy-joint-state-publisher-gui

# Ubuntu 20.04 galactic version
sudo apt install ros-galactic-joint-state-publisher-gui

# Ubuntu 22.04 humble version
sudo apt install ros-humble-joint-state-publisher-gui

2.1.4 Verify installation

To verify whether ROS2 has been installed successfully, open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and execute the following command in the terminal:

ros2

When the following interface is displayed, it means that ROS2 has been installed successfully.

2.2 git Installation

1 Updating the software source list

Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command on the terminal window to update the software source list:

sudo apt-get update

2 Installation git

Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command on the terminal window to execute the installation of git:

sudo apt-get install git

3 Verify installation

Read the git version, open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command on the terminal window:

git --version

The git version number can be displayed in the terminal as follows, that is, the installation is successful.

2.3 mycobot_ros2 Installation

mycobot_ros2 is a ROS2 package launched by Elephant Robotics and applicable to its mycobot series of desktop six-axis robot arms.

Project address: http://github.com/elephantrobotics/mycobot_ros2

1 Precondition

Before installing the package, make sure you have a ros2 workspace.

Here is an example command for creating a workspace. Open a console terminal (shortcut key: Ctrl+Alt+T) and input the following command in the command line:

mkdir -p ~/colcon_ws/src  # Create a folder
cd ~/colcon_ws
colcon build  # compile workspace

Add workspace environment

The official default ROS2 workspace is colcon_ws.

echo "source ~/colcon_ws/install/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

2 Installation

NOTE：

This package depends on ROS2 and MoveIT2. Before using it, make sure that you have installed ROS2 and MoveIT2 successfully.
The interaction of this package with a real robot arm depends on PythonApi - pymycobot.
The Api project location is: https://github.com/elephantrobotics/pymycobot
Quick installation: pip install pymycobot --upgrade

When executing the pip install pymycobot --upgrade command, if the following error message appears:

Enter the following command to install pip at the prompt
```
sudo apt install python3-pip
```

After the pip installation is complete, the terminal executes again

  pip install pymycobot --upgrade

The installation method depends on Git, so make sure that Git have been installed in your computer.